Immunoassays are essential tools in medical diagnostics that detect and quantify proteins, hormones, and other molecules in biological samples. What affects immunoassay detection limits? Understanding these factors can improve the accuracy and reliability of test results, so we’ll break them down for you right here.
Sample Quality
The quality of your sample affects the detection limit. Contaminated or degraded samples can lead to inaccurate results. For instance, hemolysis (the rupture of red blood cells) in a blood sample can interfere with the assay’s ability to detect the target analyte. Collecting and handling samples properly can improve detection limits.
Sample Volume
The volume of the sample in an immunoassay also influences the detection limit. Using a sample that’s too small can make it difficult for the assay to detect low concentrations of the target molecule. Conversely, using a sample that is too big can lead to dilution issues that negatively affect detection. Use the recommended sample volume for each test for the best results.
Reagents Used in Samples
Reagents detect the presence of molecules. Their quality and functionality can greatly influence the detection limit, so it’s important to work with a biotech company that provides high-quality reagents. However, reagents can degrade or become contaminated over time, reducing their effectiveness. Be sure to use fresh, high-quality reagents within the manufacturer’s recommended time frame to maintain their functionality.
Operator Proficiency
The skill and experience of the person performing the analysis affect the detection limit of an immunoassay. Even minor deviations from the protocol can lead to significant errors. Training and adherence to standardized procedures can prevent such issues. On top of that, regular refresher courses and proficiency testing for operators can ensure they perform assays correctly and consistently.
How Samples Are Stored
Appropriate storage conditions maintain sample integrity. Storing samples incorrectly can lead to the degradation of the analyte, making it harder to detect. For example, some biomolecules are sensitive to temperature changes and should be stored at specific temperatures to remain stable. Always follow the recommended storage guidelines for biological samples to preserve their quality.
